Spain leads Europe in terms of time spent by minors on social networks, with an average of 4 hours a day outside the school environment, according to the Spanish Society of Neurology. It is noteworthy that almost 70% of children aged 10 to 12 years already have a profile on social networks, despite the fact that the legal age is 14 years, according to the SEN.
The recent global trend and regulatory agreements around platforms like TikTok also have a direct impact on the mental health and brain functioning of minors. Every update in algorithms, content standards or level of engagement - such as those driven by the new TikTok deal -can boost exposure to stimuli that trigger digital validation seeking.
Intensive use of social networks can cause alterations in the brain's reward system, where dopamine is released with every interaction, increasing susceptibility to digital addiction and generating a feedback loop that is difficult to break(more scientific information).
Constant checking of networks in early adolescence is associated with changes in brain sensitivity to social rewards and punishments.
The impact on the mental health of minors is profound. Youth who use social media have three times the risk of depression, according to Utah Health.
FOMO syndrome affects almost 70% of young people, causing social anxiety and feelings of isolation.
Instagram and other social media platforms can have a negative impact on body image and emotional well-being in adolescents.
Digital cyberbullying is a serious, recurrent and potentially harmful problem. INCIBE offers information and resources for families. Many victims can reach suicidal ideation, as UNICEF warns.
Grooming, in which adults use networks to sexually exploit minors, requires special vigilance and prevention.
Excessive use of social networks negatively affects concentration, memory and learning, and can disrupt sleep and school performance. In addition, constant scrolling and hyperstimulation make sustained attention difficult.
83% of young people use devices before bedtime, which affects their sleep and metabolic health. The effect of blue light and bad technological habits at night have proven consequences.
Social networks, with responsible and guided use, can reinforce creativity, digital skills and educational collaboration, as the ONTsi report points out.
For early ages, it is recommended to follow the AEPNYA guidelines, create technological schedules and enable screen-free spaces with specialized advice for parents.
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The use of social networks by minors requires educational and preventive strategies, actively involving families and teachers, to minimize risks and promote a healthy and comprehensive development.